Class 10 | Science 2 | Easy notes on chapter 2 Life processes in living organisms part -1

Class 10 | Easy notes on chapter 2 Life processes in living organisms part -1 

PROTEINS :

• Proteins are the macromolecules formed by bonding together many amino acids. 

Proteins of animal origin are called as ‘first class’ proteins. 

• We get 4 Kcal of energy per 

gram of proteins.

• Amino acids are obtained after digestion of proteins.

• Those amino acids are absorbed in the body and transported up to each organ and cell via blood.

• From these amino acids, organs and cells produce various proteins necessary for themselves and the whole body.

• Excess of amino acids obtained from proteins are not stored in the body. They are broken down and the ammonia formed is eliminated out of the body.

• gluconeogenesis : Excess of

proteins are converted into other useful substances like glucose through the process of

gluconeogenesis.

LIPIDS :

Lipids : The substances formed by specific chemical bond between fatty acids and alcohol are called as lipids.

• Digestion of lipids converted it into fatty acids and alcohol.

• Fatty acids are absorbed up and distributed everywhere within the body.

• From those fatty acids, different cells produce various substances necessary to

themselves.

Examples,

1. Phospho lipids are essential for producing plasma membrane are formed from fatty acids.

 2. Fatty acids are used for producing hormones like progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, etc. 3. The covering around the axons of nerve cells.

• We get 9 KCal of energy per gram of lipids.

• Excess of lipids are stored in adipose connective tissue in the body.

VITAMINS :

Vitamins are a group of heterogeneous compounds of which, each is essential for

proper operation of various processes in the body.

• There are main six types of vitamins, e.g. A, B, C, D, E and K. • Fat-soluble vitamins : Vitamin D, E and K

• Water-soluble vitamins :  

Vitamin B and C

• Vitamins like riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and nicotinamide

(Vitamin B5) are necessary for the production of NADH2 and FADH2.

WATER :

• There is about 65 – 70% water in our body.

• Each cell contains 70% water weight by weight.

• Blood-plasma also contains 90% of water.

• Functioning of cells and thereby whole body disturbs even if there is a little loss of water from the body. Hence, water is an essential nutrient.

FIBRES :

• Fibers are also essential nutrients.

• In fact, we cannot

digest the fibers. However, they help in the digestion of other substances and egestion of

undigested substances.

• We obtain the fibers from leafy vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.